Pero Juan Gelman, que no sólo ha escrito que la vida en un continio dentrofuera sino que lo demostró, cuando hizo falta, pasando de la reflexión a la acción y del periodismo militante a la lucha guerrillera, y que no habla de oídas porque ha visto caer a muchos compañeros, por ejemplo a compatriotas como narrador Haroldo Conti o el poeta Francisco Urondo, torturados y moridos, como él diría, por los militares, no es un poeta social al estilo de Pablo Neruda o RafaelAlberti, que escriba versos pensados para declamarse en una plaza llena de banderas, sino alguien que, tal y como lo describió Julio Cortázar, "invoca las sombras desde el sosiego" y pone "una permanente caricia de palabras sobre tumbas ignotas." Para darle la razón, no hay más que ir a una lectura suya y oirle leer sus textos con un tono monocorde, en voz baja y sin hacer la más mínima concesión al espectáculo, seguro de que la poesía no consiste en exhibir emociones, sino en controlarlas. En un hombre que ha pasado por un infierno como el suyo, ese dominio es admirable, y más en este mundo en el que otros gritan tanto con tan pocos motivos.
Tener ochenta años significa que, de 1930 hasta ahora, al autor de Pais que fue será lo han mojado, de cerca o de lejos, las grandes tormentas del siglo XX, y que aparte de su drama personal lo han salpicado los dramas colectivos de un tiempo lleno de luz y sangre. Gelman ha ido a cobijarse del diluvio a la casa de la literatura, pero en lugar de instalarse en sus salones ha buscado el sótano armado con una pala, convencido de que su trabajo consiste en cavar dentro del idioma y hacer que las palabras digan lo que ignoran o intentan ocultar quienes las pronuncian: "el poema sigue en lo que no se ve", asegura en su úlimo libro, De atrásalante en su porfía, que sin duda es un título tan extraño como revelador.
"Hoy en dia, cualquier poeta que levante la voz, sonará falso", predijo el poeta W, H, Auden, y Juan Gelman le da la razón dentro de su obra pero se la quita fuera, porque el premio Cervantes del año 2007 es un doble ejemplo de compromiso con la literatura y con la realidad y demuestra que no es incomplatible descender al lenguaje y subir a la calle, según se trate de escribir un poema o de encabezar una marcha ciudadana. Y todo ello con esa "voz que sosiega" en lugar de entregarse "al paroxismo y la denuencia" como decía su amigo Julio Cortázar. La celebración de su cumpleaños es una buena disculpa para ponerlo como modelo: lo miras y ves que es posible ser firme y respetuoso, flexible y coherente. Y luego escuchas a otra gente y te das cuenta de que aquella maravillosa frase de Voltaire, "odio sus ideas, pero daré mi vida por defender su derecho a expresarlas", no está hecha para ellos.
Déjenme que, por una vez, lo imite y me salte la gramática para que los singulares y los plurales puedan convivir en la misma frase, al menos dentro de este artículo: Juan Gelman cumplen ochenta años, el escritor complejo y el hombre de al lado. Merece la pena seguirlos a los dos.
Benjamín Prado/El País/4 de mayo 2010
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